ဟိုတယ္စီးပြားေရးတခုတည္ေထာင္ေတာ့မည္ Hotel Life နွင္အသက္ေမြးမည့္သူမ်ား

မည္သည့္ အလုပ္မဆို  စည္းကမ္း စနစ္ သည္ အေရးျကီးေပသည္။

                 စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးလုပ္ငန္း၊အေရာင္း၀ယ္လုပ္ငန္း၊စက္မွူလုပ္ငန္း၊စသည္လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားစြာ၇ိွ့သည္အနက္Hotelလုပ္ငန္းသည္ ၀န္ေဆာင္မွူလုပ္ငန္း(service)လုပ္ငန္းအမ်ိဳးစားတြင္ပါ၀င္ေပသည္။ ၀န္ေဆာင္မွူ့ ့လုပ္ငန္းသည္သဘာ၀အား ျဖင့္ CUSTOMER စိတ္ ေက်နပ္ ၇ေစရန္ ၀န္ေဆာင္မွူ ့ေပးျခင္းသည္မိ ့မိ့၏ ထုတ္ကုန္ (PRODUCT) ျဖစ္သည္။ထို ့ေျကာင့္မိမိ့ ၏ထုတ္ကုန္ျဖစ္ေသာ (SERVICE) ကိုမည္သို ့ျမွင့္တင္ရမည္ကို ေသခ်ာသိ့၇ီွ့ရန္္လိုအပ္ေပသည္။ HOTEL အေျကာင္းေရးသားထားေသာစာအုပ္မ်ားစြာတို့၇ီွ့ေပသည္။INTERNATIONAL STANDARD OF  PROCEDURE(SOP) တို ့သည္ ေနရာ ၊အခ်ိန္၊ မိ့မိ့၏ရင္းနွီးမည္.ေငြေျကး၊ေပၚမွူ တည္၍ ေျပာင္းလဲ ရန္လိုေပလိမ့္မည္၊HOTELလုပ္ငန္းသည္အလြန္သိမ္ေမြ ့ေသား၀န္ေဆာင္မွူ ့လုပ္ငန္းျဖစ္ေသားေျကာင့္ေသးငယ္ေသား အမွားေလးတခုသည့္ပင္မိ့မိ့၏လုပ္ငန္းတခုလံုးကိုမ်ားစြာထိ့ခိုက္နိူင္ေသာေျကာင္.တိ့က်ေသခ်ာစြာလုပ္ေဆာင္ရန္လို အပ္ေပသည္။  hotel operation ့အားေလ့လာ ၍နိုင္ရန္အဓိ့က ခါင္းစဥ္(၅)မိ်ဳးသတ္မွတ္၍ေအာက္တြင္ေဖာ္ျပေပ း ထားပါသည္။

(1)  planning

(2)  organizing

(3)  staffing

(4)  leading operation

(5)  controlling

(က) planning

      
  မိမိ၏ဟိုတယ္သည္္floortype/Bangaloretype/အစ၇ီွ့သည္။မည္သို ့ေသား facilities/amenities ျဖင့္၀န္ေဆာင္မွူ ့ေပးမည္၊ မည္သို ့ေသာ guest အား target ထား၍ေဓ်းကြက္ကစား၇မည္၊ယခုေ၇ာက္၇ိွ့ေနေသာနွစ္နွင္ ့ဥပေဒေျပာင္းလဲမွူ့ ့ ….ဥပမာ၊ ဟိုတယ္လိုင္စင္ဥပေဒ၊အခြန္ေငြ၊၊တိုးတက္ေျပာင္းလဲလာေသားလူေနမွူ ့စနစ္၊ အသံုးေဆာင္ပစၥည္း၊၊တိုးတက္ေျပာင္းလဲလာေသားလူမ်ား၏စိတ္ထားေခတ္ေ၇စီးေျကာင္း၊။ထို ့ျပင္ ့မိမိ၏workingplaceကိုနားလည္၇မည္။ဥပမာbeachhotelနွင္ ့ျမိဳ ့ျပေဒသ၇ိွ ့ ဟိုတယ္မ်ား၏ဧည္ ့သည္လာေရာက္ခ်ိန္၊ထြက္ခြာခ်ိန္သည္မတူနိုင္ေပ၊ေဒသကြာျခားမွူ  ့ေျကာင့္   အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးနွင့္လာေသာဧည္ ့သည္မ်ားတြင္ မည္သို ့ေသာဧည္ ့သည္အားtarget ထား၍ ခ်ဥ္းကပ္၇မည္ကို သိ့၇န္လိုေပသည္။

ေနာက္ room cost (အခန္းတခန္း၏ ေရာင္းရာတြင္ အရင္းနွီး) /Food cost (အစားေသာက္တပြဲစာ၏အရင္းနွီး)မည္မ်ွအျမတ္တင္၍ေ၇ာင္းမည္။စသည္စနစ္တက်တြက္ရန္လိုေပသည္။၀န္းထမ္းအင္အားမည္မ်ွထားမည္၊(salarycontrol)အားတြက္ခ်က္နိုင္ရမည္၊အထက္ပါအခ်က္တို ့အားေရတိုေရရွည္စီမံကိန္းခ်မွတ္၍တိ ့က်ေသားactionplanေဖာ္ေဆာင္ရန္လိုအပ္ေပသည္။ထို ့ျပင္မိမိ ဟိုတယ္၏ ျပုျပင္ ထိန္းသိမ္းေရး ေ၇၇ွည္ အတြက္ သန္ ့ရွင္းသပ္၇ပ္ေနေစရန္ စနစ္တက် လုပ္ေဆာင္၇န္လို ေပသည္။အခန္းအေရတြက္ကိုလိုက္၍အမ်ားဆံုးလက္ခံနိုင္သည္ ့ လူဦးေရ ကိုတြက္ ခ်က္ ၍ ၀န္ေဆာင္ မွူ ့ေပးနိုင္ရန္ ျပင္ဆင္ထား ရေေပမည္။ဥပမာ-kitchen, dinning items မ်ားlinen,နွင့္ main system ျဖစ္ေသာwater,electric power,တို ့ ကိုလည္းစနစ္တက် တြက္ခ်က္ထားရေပမည္။

The different types of tourists in tourism industry

How will you define a tourist? Tourist can be defined as a person, who makes a tour away from home for leisure, business or other purposes for more than one day but less than a year. Based on their various needs and reasons for traveling, tourists are classified in the following categories: Incentive tourists: Incentives tourists are those few lucky individuals, who get a holiday package as a reward from his company, for good work or achieving targets, set by the company. Incentive tourists draw inspiration from such tours to work harder, improve work relations and focus on team bonding. A salesman who is awarded with a nice holiday package for accomplishing the target sales is a perfect example of incentive tourist. Health or medical tourist: Those who seek special medical treatment, which is only possible away from home, make trips to other places and are called Health or medical tourist. Some of these tourists avail medical assistance in other countries, for they may be expensive in their own country. Many health or medical tourists also make trips simply to stay for few days in healthier climate. Hoards of medical tourist fly to South Africa from oversee countries to undergo plastic surgery. Business tourist: Tourist traveling with relation to business is known as business tourist. Business tourism is part of the business world. Most of the cities feature conference centers that cater to the needs of business tourists. A proper example of a business tourist is a salesman, who makes trips to different places to attend trade shows, to display and promote his own products also.  Education tourists: Tourists traveling to a particular place in another town, city or country for further study in order to improve his or her educational qualification are termed as education tourist. There are also group of people, who travel to attend workshops to upgrade skills. A clinic nurse, who makes trip to another province to attend a particular workshop, qualifying individual about infectious diseases is an example of an educational tourist. Adventure tourists: Adventure tourists look for some unusual or bizarre experience. They seek adventurous activities that may be dangerous, such as rock climbing, river rafting, skydiving, shark cave diving and bungee jumping. Cultural tourist: These types of tourists travel to experience the essence of assorted cultures, such as San rock art, or cultural festivals such as the National Art Festival in Grahams town, or the International Jazz Festival in Cape Town. Cultural tourists also prefer to witness the World Heritage Sites of the traveled country. Eco-tourists: Nature loving tourists, who love to go green like traveling to Bonita Gardens in Bloemfontein South Africa or similar destinations are called eco-tourists. They travel throughout the world in search of destinations not affected by pollution or much human intervention.   Leisure tourist: These tourists want to rejuvenate and revitalize with comfort, while enjoying a break from mundane routine of life. Examples of this type of tourism are cruising while vacationing or simple relaxing on a beach. Religious tourist: Religious tourist travel to sites of religious significance. World is dotted with a number of religious locations like Hajj in Mecca, Jerusalem in Israel, Varanasi in India, and the Vatican in Rome. During Easter, a huge conglomeration of Christian pilgrimage takes place in Zion City. Sport and recreation tourist: These sorts of tourists either take active part in or just watch sports events. Some of such popular sport events are the Soccer World Cup, Wimbledon Tennis Championship, Comrades Marathon, and Fisher River Canoe Marathon. Backpacking or youth tourist: This group of tourist is of young age and they travel with minimum luggage and on a limited budget. But they are very passionate and love excitements and adventures, while traveling. They generally have no specific travel schedules and tend to travel independently.   Special Interest Tourist (STI): They nurture particular passion in different things like bird watching, nature, fishing during the Sardine Run, food and wine or attending the Cape Town Book Fair.

(ခ) organizing
 -management team of hotel

board of directors

general manager

resident manager

HR director

chief  M&E

controller

head security

F&B director

director of marketing and sale

room division manager

assit; HR

Assit; M&E

purchasing manager

assit;controller

assit;secirity

chef

assit;F&B director

execative steward

beverage director

catering director

sale director

FO manager

Hk manager

F&B controller

auditor

sous chef

personal manager

assit;steward

assit;beverage director

catering sale manager

public relation director

reservation manager

assit;manager

store manager

credit manager

banquet chef

restaurant manager

banquet manager

convention service manager

chief operator

ldy; manager

acc;receivable manager

pastry chef

room service manager

assit;banquet manager

revenue manager

night manager

night auditor

payable manager

service manager

pay master

head cashier

(ဂ) Staffing

၀န္ထမ္းေ၇ြးခ်ယ္ခန့္ ထားရာတြင္  လူမွန္ ေန၇ာမွန္ျဖစ္ရန္ အေ၇းျကီးေပသည္။သို ့မွသာမိ ့မိ ့၏လုပ္ငန္းတာ၀န္နွင္ အံံံ၀င္ခြင္က်ေသာ ၀န္ထမ္းေကာင္းရရိွ့မည္ျဖစ္ပါ သည္။အေျကာင္းအမိ်ဳးမိ်ဳးနွင္ ့လာေလ်ွာက္ျကေသား၀န္ထမ္းတို ့အားမည္သို ့ေရြးခ်ယ္ရမည္ကိုသိ့မွသာလ်ွင္ ဟိုတယ္အက်ိဳးစီးပြားကိုေထာက့္ပံနိုင္မည္ျဖစ္သည္။သို ့မဟုတ္ပါကအခ်ိန္ကုန္၍အက်ိဳးမ၇ိွ့ေပ။
  အျကမ္းအားျဖင္ ့ ဌါနတခုျခင္းဆီ၏ (Duty and responsibility) ကို သိ့၇န္လိုေပသည္။ထိုသို ့ရရီွ့ရန္ မည္သို ့ေရြခ်ယ္၇န္ေအာက္တြင္ေဖာ္ျပထားေသာ ဌါနအလိုက္ ေဖာ္ျပထားေသာ hotel operation ၏  Standard of procedure(SOP) ကိုေလ့လာသိ့၇ီွ့၇န္ေဖာ္ျပေပးထားပါသည္။

(ဃ) leading operation

HOTEL ,, SOP,all department

ACCOUNTING

I – 1 Petty Cash/Debit Card

I – 2 Bad Debt Write-Off

I – 3 A/R/ Aging

I – 4 Capital Expenditures

I – 5 Trade Agreements

I – 6 A/R Direct Billing

I – 7 A/R Collection/Sample Letters

I – 8 Internal Audit

I – 8A Quarterly “Self-Audit” Survey

I – 9 Advance Deposit – Sales

I – 10 Baggage Service Charge

I – 11 Pre-Opening Expense

I - 12 Credit Approval

I – 13 Purchase Orders

I – 14 Charge backs

I – 15 Check Register/Log

I – 16 Salvage Sales – Fixed Access

I – 17 A/P Transmittal

I – 18 System Back-Up

ADMINISTRATION

II – 1 General

II – 2 Donations

II – 3 Associate Work Schedules

II – 4 National Contracts

II – 5 Lease Agreements/Contracts

II – 6 Associate Appreciation

II – 7 Forecast

II – 8 Payroll Procedures

II – 9 Uniform Nametags

II – 10 Pre-Employment Procedures

II – 11 Loss Incident Report

II – 12 Comp Room Policy

II – 13 Gifts/Conflict

II – 14 Guest Comment/Survey

II – 15 Hazard Communication Policy

II – 16 Inspection Reports

II – 17 Master Keys

II – 18 Meetings

II – 19 Memberships

II – 20 MOD Program

II – 21 Organizational Chart

II – 22 Performance Appraisal

II – 23 P&L Statement

II – 24 Passwords/Combinations

II – 25 Vendor Verification

II – 26 Illegal Activity

II – 27 Emergency Procedures

II – 28 GM Checklist

II – 29 Out of Service Rooms

II – 30 Environmental Commitment

II – 31 Travel Allowances

II – 32 Mileage Reimbursement

ADDITIONAL KNOWLEDGE—

 (၂၀၁၁-ခုႏွစ္) က ဟိုတယ္ႏွင့္ခရီးသြားလာေရးလုပ္ငန္း၀န္ႀကီးဌာန၏ ဟိုတယ္အဆင့္အတန္းသတ္မွတ္ျခင္းဆိုင္ရာကိစၥႏွင့္ပက္သက္၍ စစ္ေဆးရန္အခ်က္မ်ား (အဆိုျပဳမူၾကမ္း) တြင္ပါရွိခဲ႔သည့္ အခ်က္အလက္ (၃၀) ႏွင့္ အမွတ္ေပးစည္းမ်ဥ္းမ်ား။
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၁။ တည္ေနရာ၊ အက်ယ္အ၀န္း၊ အခန္းအေရအတြက္ႏွင့္ ဖြဲ႕စည္းမႈ (၁၅-မွတ္)။
၂။ ကားရပ္ကြင္းႏွင့္ ပို႔ေဆာင္ေရး၀န္ေဆာင္မႈ (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၃။ အိပ္ခန္းမ်ား၌ ေလေအးေပးစက္ထားရွိျခင္း (၁၅-မွတ္)။
၄။ ေရခ်ိဳးခန္းပါအိပ္ခန္းမ်ားအေျခအေန (၂၅-မွတ္)။
၅။ ေရခ်ိဳးခန္းႏွင့္ သန္႔စင္ခန္းဆိုင္ရာအသံုးအေဆာင္မ်ား (၁၅-မွတ္)
၆။ အိပ္ခန္းသံုး ပရိေဘာဂမ်ား (၁၅-မွတ္)။
၇။ တယ္လီဖုန္းႏွင့္ ဆက္သြယ္ေရးစနစ္ (၁၅-မွတ္)။
၈။ ေသာက္သံုးေရဆိုင္ရာ ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈမ်ား (၅-မွတ္)။
၉။ ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖေရး၀န္ေဆာင္မႈ (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၁၀။ ဒိုဘီႏွင့္ အေျခာက္ေလွ်ာ္ဖြတ္ျခင္း (၁၅-မွတ္)။
၁၁။ အိပ္ခန္းသံုးေရခဲေသတၱာ (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၁၂။ အခန္းတြင္း ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈ (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၁၃။ Suite အခန္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ဧည့္ခန္းပါ၀င္ေသာအိပ္ခန္းမ်ား (၂၀-မွတ္)။
၁၄။ ဧည့္ႀကိဳေကာင္တာႏွင့္ ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈ (၂၀-မွတ္)။
၁၅။ ေစ်း၀ယ္ႏိုင္သည့္ေနရာ (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၁၆။ အဖိုးတန္ပစၥည္း၊ အာမခံထိန္းသိမ္းျခင္းႏွင့္ ခရီးေဆာင္ပစၥည္းဆိုင္ရာ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈမ်ား (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၁၇။ ဓါတ္ေလွကားတပ္ဆင္မႈ (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၁၈။ စားေသာက္ခန္းမအတြက္ လိုအပ္ခ်က္မ်ား (၂၀-မွတ္)။
၁၉။ စားေသာက္ခန္းမ (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၂၀။ စားေသာက္ခန္းမအတြက္ ဟင္းလ်ာမ်ားႏွင့္ စားပြဲ၀ုိင္းစာရင္း (၂၀-မွတ္)။
၂၁။ အစည္းအေ၀းမ်ား၊ အခမ္းအနားမ်ားႏွင့္ ဧည့္ခံပြဲမ်ားေဆာင္ရြက္သည့္ခန္းမ (၂၀-မွတ္)။
၂၂။ ဧည့္ခန္းမႏွင့္ ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈ (၂၀-မွတ္)။
၂၃။ သန္႔စင္ခန္းမ်ား (၁၅-မွတ္)။
၂၄။ မီးဖိုေဆာင္သံုးပစၥည္းမ်ား၊ ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈမ်ားႏွင့္ က်န္းမာေရးဆုိင္ရာ ေစာင့္ေရွာက္မႈအစီအမံမ်ား (၂၀-မွတ္)။
၂၅။ ၾကမ္းျပင္အခင္းအက်င္းႏွင့္ ညမီးေပးမႈစနစ္မ်ား (၁၅-မွတ္)။
၂၆။ ယမကာေကာင္တာ ထားရွိမႈ (၁၅-မွတ္)။
၂၇။ ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈမ်ားႏွင့္ စီစဥ္ေဆာင္ရြက္ထားရွိမႈ (၂၀-မွတ္)။
၂၈။ ၀န္ထမ္းခန္႔ထားမႈအေျခအေန (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၂၉။ မီးေဘးကာကြယ္ေရးစနစ္ အစီအမံမ်ား (၁၀-မွတ္)။
၃၀။ အပန္းေျဖမႈအစီအစဥ္မ်ား (၁၀-မွတ္)။
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ဟိုတယ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာစစ္ေဆးျခင္း စုစုေပါင္းေပးမွတ္ - (၄၃၅-မွတ္) တြင္ ၾကယ္တစ္ပြင့္မွ ၾကယ္ငါးပြင့္အဆင့္ရွိဟိုတယ္မ်ား၏ အနည္းဆံုးရမွတ္မ်ားမွာ -
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(က) ★★★★★ ၾကယ္ငါးပြင့္အဆင့္ရွိဟိုတယ္ (၃၅၆-မွတ္)။
(ခ) ★★★★ ၾကယ္ေလးပြင့္အဆင့္ရွိဟိုတယ္ (၃၂၈-မွတ္)။
(ဂ) ★★★ ၾကယ္သံုးပြင့္အဆင့္ရွိဟိုတယ္ (၂၈၈-မွတ္)။
(ဃ) ★★ ၾကယ္ႏွစ္ပြင့္အဆင့္ရွိဟိုတယ္ (၂၀၀-မွတ္)။
(င) ★ ၾကယ္တစ္ပြင့္အဆင့္ရွိဟိုတယ္ (၁၇၂-မွတ္)။ အနည္းဆံုး ရရွိရမွာျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ ေလ့လာေတြ႕ရွိခဲ႔ပါတယ္။
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လုပ္ငန္းရွင္ႀကီးမ်ား ေအာင္ျမင္ၾကပါေစ ...
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‪#‎Ref: ၂၀၁၁-ခုနွစ္၊ ေမလတြင္က်င္းပျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ေသာ ဟိုတယ္နွင့္ခရီးသြားလာေရးလုပ္ငန္းဝန္ႀကီးဌာနနွင့္ ေနျပည္ေတာ္ဟိုတယ္ဆိုင္ရာလုပ္ငန္းရွင္မ်ားေတြ႕ဆံုပြဲ။